Being one of the main symbols of the Russian culture, the figure of the poet Aleksandr Pushkin is of special importance for the Russian culture. In this article, we aim to give a brief overview of the Pushkin’s myth development throughout the 19th – 20th centuries and to analyze the approaches of three dissident writers, Joseph Brodsky (1940-1996), Andrei Sinyavsky (1925-1997) and Sergei Dovlatov (1941-1990), to the official Soviet Pushkin myth.A figura do poeta Aleksándr Púchkin ocupa papel central na cultura russa, sendo um de seus principais símbolos. Neste artigo, pretendemos traçar um panorama do desenvolvimento do mito puchkiniano ao longo dos séculos 19 e 20 e analisar as posições de três escritores dissidentes: Joseph Brodsky (1940-...